Railroad-car window



(No Model.)

J. R. WHITNEY.

RAILROAD GAR WINDOW.

Patented June 30, 1885.

' a fi NITED STATES I PATENT Enron.

RAILROAD-CAR WINDOW.

EPECIFICATIQN forming part of Letters Patent No. 321,266, dated June 30, 1885,

Application filed October 16, 1884. (No model. i

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN R. WHITNEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Radnor, in the county of Delaware and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Railroad-Oar Windows,of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of win.- dows for railroad-cars and other structures which open horizontally, either to the right or left, instead of sliding up or down into pockets.

It consists of an improved method of constructing the frame and hanging the sash, either or both of which may be made of wood or metal, but preferably of metal, and be entirely independent of the framing of the car. In case of repairs and renewals the frame and sash may be easily and cheaply' transferred from one car to another. By opening at the side, as in the case of other windows of the same class, better ventilation of the cars will also be secured, while the passengers will be effectually protected from the annoyance of dust, cinders, and dangerous drafts of air. WVhen this improved arrangement is employed in connection with the windows used as ventilators in the upper roof of a car, ventilation may be secured through every sash.

The details of my invention are hereinafter fully described and illustrated by the accompanying diagrams, in which Figure 1 is a horizontal section through the frame and sash. Fig. 2 is a vertical sect-ion, the sash being shown as thrown out at one end. Fig. 3 is the same as Fig. 2, showing a modification. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section near the bottom edge of the sash. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the sash detached. Fig. 6 is a vertical section showing adjustingand retaining devices. Fig. 7 is a sectional plan, showing connection of adjoining windows in ventilating-roof of car.

The sash is constructed to permit either side to act as a hinge or joint while the other is thrown out and in at pleasure. To do this I make the sash A at both the right and left hand sides about twice as thick as it is elsewhere," and then round off this double thickness to almost a complete circle, thus forming a bead or nosing on the inside face of the sash, ex-

tending a part of or its whole length, as shown in Fig. 1 at a. These beads or nosings fit into corresponding grooves, s, in the outside face of the frame B. The sash when closed is thus placed against the outside of the two jambs, instead of hanging between them, as in ordinary cases, all lateral motion being prevented by the projecting heads, when the sash is locked inplace, while the sash may readily be turned in the sockets or grooves s, at either side, according to the direction in which the car is moving, and be set at any angle to the frame which may be desired, thus excluding all dust and cinders and at the same time securing thorough ventilation to the car by the motion of the train.

To move either side of the sash at pleasure and to lock it securely in any desired position, I employ one or more locking-arms, G, on each sideof the sash, as shown in Figs. 1, 5, and 6. Theymay be placed anywhere between the top and bottom of the sash, but preferably in the middle of each side. Each arm G is pivoted at one edge of the sash and passes through a tube or bearing, G, as shown in Figs. 1 and 6. Different means of securing the arm may be used. Thus the arm is threaded and the bearing B constitutes a nut, and may be turned by means of a hand-wheel, h, on the inside of the frame, so as to carry the arm G in and out, as' shown in Fig. 1, or the arm may be made to slide in and out and be secured by an ordinary latch, n, falling into notches, h, Fig. 6, or by a set-screw, or by any other convenient form of lock.

To afford additional security, under somecircumstances I use the locking device shown in Fig. 6, in which the catch-fingerf is adjusted to the frame so as to look into the ring or annular shoulder at when the sash is closed. This shoulder is formed in a metallic plate, which is inserted into the nosing of the sash, and being circular in form, allows the sash -to be freely turned when locked into its socket. The finger f is lifted to open the sash by an ordinary thumb-latch, or by a cam, q, connected with a knob or handle on the inside of the frame. This arrangement may be used with the arms G or independently.

In order to still further secure one side of the sash when the other is opened, I make use of the friction-plates D and E, (illustrated in Figs. 4t and 5,) and constructed as follows: At the top and bottom of the bead or nosing on one side of the sash, I place the metallic plates D, each of which is notched and slotted with a curved slot, as shown at w and y. On the sill and lintel at each side I also place the corresponding plates, E, each of which is provided with a projecting lug, z. When both sides of the sash are closed against the frame, the lugs t in plates E pass into the notches w of plates D. Then by the opening of either side it passes into the slot 3 of plate D on the opposite side, and thus automatically holds the sash closely into the socket of the frame, so that it cannot be pushed out, even if the other locking devices are unfastened, until the opened side is again closed.

To prevent any rattling of the sash in the frame, as well as to exclude all dust and wind, I provide it with a cushioned seat by placing in the grooves of the frame, or upon the nosing of the sash, a lining, t, of felt, plush, rubber, or any other suitably soft and pliable material. This lining may cover the whole surface of the grooves or nosings, or be set in, in one or more strips.

To exclude storms from above and dust from beneath when'the sash is opened, to both its upper and lower edges, and at nearly right angles to it, I use shutters or wings. These wings or shutters are attached to the sash to move in and out of corresponding pockets in the sill and lintel of the frame, as shown at c in Fig. 3. I prefer, however, instead of the shutters or in connection with them, to fix continuous stationary wings, guard-rails, or ribs on the side of the car, just above and below the window, so that the sashes may play freely between them when opened, as shown at F in Fig. 2. These fixed guards or ribs should be as wide as it is allowable to open the sash and extend the whole length of the ear, thus giving great lateral strength to the framing of the car, while at the same time they defend the opened sash against passing objects. On

these guards, (or upon the sill and lintel,) at

as shown at the left, Fig. 7, or by other connections the adjoining windows upon each side may be so connected, if desired, that the adjustment of one sash will properly adjust the other, as shown in Fig. 7, -A and B representing, respectively, the sashes and frame, and H, adjustable connections.

I am aware of the patent to Wheeler, No. 153,871, dated August 4, 1874, and make no claim to anything shown therein.

I claim-- 1. The combination, with the frame or side of the car having rounded vertical depressions upon opposite sides of the window, of a sash having its side edges thickened and rounded off to form beads or nosings on the inside face thereof, adapted to fit closely into the said depressions, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with the frame or side of the car and sash connected asdescribed, of one or more movable lockin g arms or rods, G, pivotally secured to each side edge of the sash, and supporting the same and extending from the latter through the frame orside of the car and through bearings, and adapted to be moved in or out, and to be secured in any position to which they are adjusted, substantially as described.

3. The combination, with the frame or side of the ear and sash connected as described, of the movable locking arms or rods G, extending from the sash through the frame or side of the car to a swiveled bearing, G, and adapted to be moved in or out, and to be secured in any position to which they are adjusted, substantially as described.

4. The combination, with the frame or side of the car and sash connected as described, and arms G, of movable catches f, attached to the frame or car, and adapted to lock into the circular shoulders at in the nosin gs of the sash, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with the frame or side of the car and sash connected as described, of the friction-plates D and E, with theirlugs, slots, and notches arranged on the sash and frame, substantially as described.

6. The combination, with the sash adapted to be moved out at either end, of the curved cleats or guards is, substantially as and for the purpose described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

- JOHN R. WHITNEY.

Witnesses:

W'M. A. BEDDING, S. SPENCER CHAPMAN. 

